The Advanced Guide to Subsea Test Tree, Rig Based Completions, and Interventions

The subsea test tree is a large underwater structure used for engineering tests. It comprises many layers of metal, wood, and plastic. It is lowered into the water by waves, which create an interaction force between the tree and the seawater. The interaction force is magnified as the tree enters the water. As a result, its stability will be compromised by the additional forces. If not designed correctly, the subsea tree could overturn and cause damage. In rare cases, it could even cause an engineering accident. This article will walk through the advanced guide to the subsea test tree, rig-based completions, and interventions.

Impact of current on a subsea test tree

The first all-electric subsea test tree is currently being tested on the BP Magnus field. A prominent company envisions a subsea test tree that is entirely electric and will provide the industry with an alternative to hydraulic and electro-hydraulic control systems. Hydraulics are less responsive in deeper water and are inefficient the further away from the host facility.

A large-bore HP/HT subsea test tree will maximize the potential of horizontal tree systems. The tree will not be installed on a production well but rather at the base of a platform, 600 feet below sea level. A hydraulic-actuated choke will close in one minute, while an electric-actuated choke will close in 20 minutes. Ultimately, the test will help determine the most efficient horizontal test tree solution for a given application.

The pressure rating of the subsea test tree

Various types of Christmas trees are used on the surface and subsea wells. There are three main subsea test trees: conventional, dual bore, and through-bore. The conventional ones have a pressure rating of 5,000 to 15,000 psi. Both types feature valves on the lateral side and are manufactured from carbon or low-alloy steel. Horizontal subsea test trees are efficient for tubing recovery and are often installed on wells as part of well intervention.

The SenTREE HP high-pressure completion subsea test tree is an immediate solution for controlling completions in subsea oilfields. The subsea test tree comprises a ball valve module, an integral flapper valve, and a retainer valve with a bleed-off function which provides dual-barrier well control and a reliable method for disconnecting completion landing strings in an emergency.

The temperature rating of subsea test trees also influences their sealing systems. API 6A temperature ratings include K, P, R, S, T, and U. Temperature ratings have little or no effect on the cost of subsea test trees because they vary widely based on reservoir characteristics. Therefore, choosing the material is essential but will not disproportionately affect the test tree's cost.

Workover rigs

Workover rigs are essential to any oil and gas operation. These rigs replace old well completions with new ones, and this work is necessary for several reasons, such as changing reservoir conditions or well deterioration. According to experts like PRT Offshore, a workover also may be required to replace equipment in the well, which may have eroded over time. Sometimes, a well's flow has decreased, and a new tubing installation is necessary to restore the production to previous levels.

Workover rigs are most useful for completions when a completion fails. They are used to replace damaged sections of the casing, which are often damaged and weakened. In addition, rigs are often used to support the tubing, so a rig must be equipped with a snubbing spool. The rig may be loaded with a BOP using this tool.

Challenges with Heavy interventions

For decades, rig-based completions and heavy interventions have been the mainstay of the drilling process. However, their performance has been less than optimal. As an industry, the drilling and completions operations are classified as offshore activities. Most rigs are jack-up or submerge swamp rigs, and the company typically drills 100 wells per year, spending approximately 4 million person-hours on average. The challenges that face the industry include the high level of direct human resource involvement with equipment, high employee turnover, and differing levels of educational background and experience. These challenges have their root causes in inadequate supervision, leadership, and work management.

Ways to Save Money on Luxury Home Insurance by Improving Your Habits

Home insurance is not cheap. However, it pays to research your policy to ensure you get the best deal possible. Homeowners also need to ensure that they have not missed anything that could lead to a higher premium or a claim being denied. Here are tips to help you save money on your home insurance.

Check Your Policy Renewal Notice Carefully

When renewing luxury home insurance packages and policies, it pays to read through the renewal letter. Ensure that everything is correct before signing it off and sending it back. Make sure that the amount of the premium stated on the renewal notice is only increased by inflation. It is also crucial to ensure no extra charges or new items that might push up your premium in subsequent years. If you do not note any changes at this point, you may miss something important when it comes time for your policy to be renewed next year.

Keep Your Policy Details Updated

While you should regularly check your policy details throughout the year, you must check them each time you renew it. This applies even if you had renewed a policy before and had no problems. There is still a chance you will have to claim in the future. Therefore, it pays to check over your policy thoroughly before the renewal period starts. Be sure to keep an eye on your mail and your calendar for any reminder dates for when the renewal cycle begins. This might also help ensure that nothing slips through the net. Most insurance companies will give you at least three months' notice when they want to send out renewal notices.

Look at the Home Insurance Alternative

Most insurance policies are based upon what is known as a standard form. These usually come with a basic level of cover. However, they allow for some flexibility in how you customize your cover. Some forms can be customized to hide certain risks that have been highlighted in your renewal notice. This is to avoid having them listed on your policy when they are not applicable. It can be helpful if you want to choose the most suitable type of home insurance for you, whether it is because of your age or any relevant coverage issues.

Pay for Home Insurance According to the Value of Your Home

When you buy a property, it Is normal to assume that you will be able to sell it at any point in the future. However, this does not always happen. Some people find themselves unable to sell their homes in a quick enough time frame. It might pay to consider paying for home insurance year by year. Real estate investors should also consider choosing policies with a higher level of cover when they can afford them. Suppose you decide to take an approach with a higher premium linked to your property's value. In that case, there will be no surprises once the claim comes in.

Check the Home Insurance Review Sites

Many different websites can help you research the best deals available. The sites help you find the right type of home insurance to suit you. For example, some concentrate on specific types of cover, such as burglary or theft, or those that can be tailored to suit an individual's needs. There are also sites dedicated to particular areas or even specific counties in which you might live.

Luxury home insurance has gotten significantly more expensive over the last few years. Many people seek to avoid high costs by self-educating themselves on home practices and shopping habits. With this knowledge, homeowners can take advantage of ways to save money on their insurance premiums.

How to Improve Your Relationship

Intimacy is an important component of a successful relationship. It is usually accompanied by objects to enhance our pleasure and create an atmosphere of relaxation: light candles or put on music.

There are those who praise adult toys and those who look at them with skepticism. However, the truth is that they have the possibility of adding new sensations to intimacy. They are a bridge between technology and pleasure and are exclusively designed with human enjoyment and satisfaction in mind.

If couples take advantage of technology to communicate, consume entertainment, connect remotely, flirt, and more, why not also take advantage of it to explore the physical side of a relationship? Let us look at an example of what should be expected. 

An Example

Cynthia and Harold are a couple with lots more expectations as it relates to their sex life. After talking about how things have gotten unsatisfying in the bedroom, they decided to use toys to compensate for the lack of drive and lack of innovativeness. Both were together for a while and had tried all kinds of activities. They felt that they had tried everything. Cynthia was the one who suggested adding some spice. Harold was not into that at first, but after thinking about it a lot, he finally agreed.

What Was Learned

The couple learned how to demystify common misnomers. It is all the confidence that they gave each other and also that each has dedicated themselves to learning more about themselves and each other. 

Try Something New

Like Cynthia and Harold, other couples are going through the same thing. It only takes a mutual understanding to accept that if something is not working, it is time to try something new. That is what this couple did and discovered that it was what they needed to improve their intimate life. Their luxury sex toy worked for them.

3 Things To Remember When Buying a Condo

Condominiums, or condos, are individual units inside of a larger building or structure, each of which is privately owned. A condo may be more appealing than buying a house due to extra amenities offered with ownership, such as trash removal or the use of a gym or pool. However, there are some things you should know before signing on the dotted line.

They Can Be Pricey

They may cost less than a single-family home in the same neighborhood. But if you can't pay out-of-pocket and need to take out a mortgage, the building you live in can be a factor in calculating interest rates, potentially making them higher.

With condos, the mortgage is not the only monthly bill you have to keep up with, as there may be separate fees associated with the amenities packaged into ownership. Parking, maintenance, gym access—even if you opt-out of using those services, you're still on the hook to pay for them.

However, if you have a high-profile profession with concerns about personal security, a more exclusive condo may make sense. Some buildings—like those operated by the Soloway company, which is run by Stefan Soloviev—offer "porte-cocherè" and private gatehouses, which allow for heightened safety and privacy.

Location Matters

When buying a condo, you should consider the proximity to your job, your children's schools, shopping, transportation and emergency services. If the condo you are considering is in a skyscraper, ask about how fires and crises' are handled, as well as response times.

Conversely, you don't want emergency services to be too close, either. Living across the street from the firehouse may sound nice on paper, but it's another story when you're woken up every few hours by truck sirens.

Investigate the HOA

The home owner's association (HOA) is who receives the fees for the extra services available with condo ownership, and dictates how that money is used and when. Some will want to interview and assess you before approving your condo ownership to ensure you and your family fit in with their community vision, but you shouldn't be the only one being grilled.

The HOA should be forthcoming with the qualifications of board members, past expenditures and with plans for future spending. Even if they're "on the level" and honest with what they do, you might find that they're not the greatest with money management and planning.

You know what is best for your living situation and family. By keeping these things in mind, you will be sure to find an ideal fit.

Understanding and Utilizing a 30-Day Termination Notice 

Understanding and Utilizing a 30-Day Termination Notice 

A tenant's eviction is a time-consuming and difficult process. If the procedure is done incorrectly, the tenant may sue the landlord for unlawful eviction, resulting in the landlord being sued. A no-cause notice to leave is one of several different sorts of notifications available depending on the circumstances. We'll teach you how to properly give a 30-day notice to vacate in this article.

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5 Cannabis Holidays you may have not heard about

If you’re a regular patron of your local Seattle Dispensary, you’re probably well aware that cannabis is more than just a plant. 

For many people, cannabis represents a culture, a way of life, a certain mode of thinking.

It’s a signifier of counter-culture, a disregard for the straight-edge, square-thinking “man”, and even a declaration of rebelliousness and freethinking. 

Okay - nowadays weed is a bit more mainstream - it has government approval, it’s cultivated by multinational corporations, and the tax revenue it generates is used to improve social infrastructure in numerous states.

But cannabis culture moves with the times, and it shows no sign of slowing down as the sticky green flower becomes more popular than ever. 

For people outside of the world of ganja, cannabis holidays sound like yet another excuse to blaze up. But for people on the inside, these occasions are an opportunity to celebrate the activists and outriders who pushed through the acceptance and legalization of cannabis, as well as pay respect to the millions wrongfully imprisoned for possession of a simple plant.

Cannabis Holiday: From Back Alleys to Seattle Dispensaries

Nowadays, weed is legal in 18 states of our glorious nation. But it wasn’t too long ago that the entire billion dollar weed industry was in the hands of the black market. 

If you were a dedicated weed smoker in those days, your re-ups were on street corners and in secluded car parks. If you were really deep in the game you had your own little grow setup, or knew a friend or family member with green fingers. 

And because the entire community was forced underground, persecuted, and criminalized, it had a kind of galvanizing effect. You’d know all the dealers and growers in your area, and most of the smokers too. 

If you walked past someone in the street with the aroma of weed, you’d exchange a subtle nod. “I see you.” There was an unspoken connection that linked together cannabis growers and smokers all over the country. 

No matter what the law at the time said, cannabis culture has been alive and well for decades, bubbling under the surface, waiting for it's time to shine. And like any other culture, cannabis has its own heros, celebrities, and cultural landmarks. 

Think of Jack Herer, Willie Nelson, Snoop Dogg, or the first cannabis clubs, the first state to legalize, or the first dispensaries. 

And as well as these iconic people, events, and places, cannabis culture also has its own holiday. 

Okay, maybe there’s a little work to do until 4:20 becomes a federally recognized national holiday. But for those who have been embedded in the culture for decades (as well as newcomers) government approval is far from a necessity.

4:20 celebrations continue to grow year after year, as people of all ages, races, genders, and professions come together to bask in the glory of all things dank and green. 

But where did 4:20 start? And what other weed holidays are we missing out on? 

4:20 - The OG canna holiday 

Cannabis culture is in the spotlight more than ever nowadays, and you don't need to be Cheech and Chong to know 4:20 is a codeword passed between weed users that generally means “time to blaze up.”

4:20 has become so popularized that its original meaning has become somewhat irrelevant - it means something different to every stoner and is celebrated and honored in various ways. 

The 4th of April has become a day that represents all things cannabis - but these representations manifest in different ways. Some use it as an opportunity to flaunt the use of weed, coming together in parks and public spaces to get high on masse. And very often the police are powerless to react in the face of this passive mass demonstration. 

Other cities hold larger, more direct demonstrations, marching on legislative and police buildings to push the weed agenda even further. There are still plenty of states who have yet to legalize recreational marijuana and even some that are making it hard for medicinal cannabis users to acquire the plant.

But for most, it’s just an excuse to head down to their local Seattle dispensary, buy some extra special high grade and smoke up with their friends and family. It’s a day to remember how far the acceptance of weed has come. 

And more than this, it’s a day to give thanks for the relaxing, anxiety-busting, and carefree effects of the cannabis plant. For many people weed is a gift from God, and 4:20 is the ideal time to sit back and appreciate the things that make life wonderful. 

It’s become such a widespread event it can even be recorded in terms of its impact on the economy. The delivery platform goPuff revealed uptake in “munchies” being delivered every 4:20, with Ben & Jerry's Half Baked ice cream and Sour Patch Kids candy being the top two requested stoner snacks last year. They also recorded an 80% rise in food orders like chips, cookies, candy, and beef jerky. 

But where did it all start?

If you’ve spent any amount of time reading about cannabis history on the internet, you’ll know that 4:20 has more origin stories than Peter Parker.
Others are adamant that 4.20 is the police radio code for “cannabis consumption in progress”.

It’s one of those urban legends that seem to have appeared out of a haze of smoke, and we might not ever know for sure where this tale began. 

However, there seems to be a consensus that the number was born at San Rafael High School, Marin County, California.

The story goes that in 1971 there were five eager weed-smoking students. Every day their school obligations would end at precisely 4:20 pm.

With their school day over, they were free to get high and put it all behind them…

But how did this secret code between students become a worldwide phenomenon?

Well, as it turns out, one of these students, Dave Reddix to be precise, became the roadie to the bassist from The Grateful Dead. He obviously took the codeword with him, because in 1990 the band produced a flier for a gig in Oakland that encouraged people to smoke “420” on April 20 at 4:20 p.m.

A year later, and the flyer was reproduced on the cover of the popular Cannabis magazine, The High Times, and the rest, as they say, is history. 

The term spread from city to city, town to town, friend to friend. Nowadays people in London, Amsterdam, Tokyo, Johannesburg, and Bogota know that once that clock hits twenty past four, it’s time to light up. 

So now the big daddy is out of the way, here are some lesser-known cannabis holidays you might not know about. The dispensary near me was the first to bring my attention to these dates, but they’re all gaining traction in the battle to rival April 4th. 

August 8th: CBD Day

CBD has had a meteoric rise to fame over the last few years. From an unknown cannabinoid that lived in the shadow of its big sister THC, CBD has played a major role in shifting the perception of cannabis. 

It’s the driver of the ever-growing medical marijuana industry, and as cannabis research continues, more light is shed on the anti-inflammatory, pain-killing properties of the compound. 

There are now hundreds of thousands of people in America who use CBD as a way to soothe their bodily pains and calm anxious minds. A lot of these CBD users are people who never thought of cannabis as anything other than a “drug” and these therapeutic properties are helping soften public opinion. 

It’s only right CBD has its own day. It’s a recognition of the role CBD is playing in bringing relief to many people’s lives and a representation of the benign and far-reaching uses of cannabis.

June 18th: Jack Herer’s Birthday

If you listen to the politicians of the day (another reason you probably need to smoke weed to wash away your stresses) then you’ll be forgiven for thinking that congress and the senate should take all the credit for the legalization of weed. 

They want to be praised for taking the power and profit away from criminals, for reducing the number of minors in contact with the plant, and for the bumper tax revenues it's creating. 

But the reality is that the bulk of the work was done by regular everyday people like me, you, and Jack Herer. 

Affectionately known as “The Emperor of Hemp” Mr. Herer was a prominent cannabis rights activist. His lifetime of work galvanized the legalization movement and pushed forward the plentiful industrial uses of hemp. 

There is even a strain named after him. The legendary cannabis geneticists Sensi Seeds rank Jack Herer as their most costly seed, and one of the finest smokes the world has to offer. This one’s for you, Jack. 

July 10th: Oils and Concentrates Day

Okay so this one might be a bit of a stretch, but apparently, it’s a thing. 

Dabbing has become a modern buzzword, but whilst most people know it as a dance meme, it’s also emerging as one of the most popular ways to consume cannabis.

Cannabis has come a long way in the past few years. And one amazing product of legislation is that cannabis retailers are spending their R&D budget finding new ways to get high. 

Oils and concentrates such as wax and shatter are made from the juicy goodness extracted from cannabis with high pressure or chemical processes. For many, they’re the only way to get high, and there’s a whole generation of users that know no different. 

If you flip 7:10 upside down, it looks like the word OIL.

So at 7:10 pm on July 10th, get your dab rigs fired up homie. 

October 5th: Commemorating the Victims of Prohibition

For the majority of the 20th century, cannabis was completely outlawed in all states of America. 

For over 70 years, for no scientific or logical reason, possessing even the smallest amounts of cannabis was enough to send people to prison for ridiculous terms. These laws were used to target, harass, and disrupt minority communities, even to this day.

Hundreds of thousands of people have served time for possessing a plant. Seems stupid right? These are years, even entire lives that have been taken and will never be recovered. 

And to add salt to the wound, businessmen, shareholders, and stock investors are now making millions of dollars from cannabis while many of the victims of prohibition remain locked away. 

Oct 5th is a day not just of commemoration, but rage. Rage at the system that took away lives, broke families and tore apart communities. 

November 6th: Legalization Day

And finally, if you’re still struggling for an excuse to head down to your local dispensaries and cop an 8th of Seattle’s finest weed, look no further than Cannabis Legalisation Day. 

On this day in 2012 (a day that will live in greenery), our fine state of Washington became the first in the United State to allow people to buy and smoke weed for nothing more than their own pleasure. 

It was a landmark day that showed state and federal governments alike that cannabis activism wasn’t going away.

The wave of legalization and acceptance of cannabis started long before this date, and there’s still a way to go. But this landmark event proves that the people cannot be silenced and that legislation should be based on scientific fact and public consensus, not the whims of the rich and powerful .

Three things to consider before buying your next vacuum cleaner

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With such a wide array of vacuum cleaners available in today’s market, it can be difficult to know just what you should be looking for from your latest piece of cleaning kit. From finding an environmentally friendly machine to saving pennies, everyone will have their own priorities when it comes to shopping around for their perfect vacuum.  

There has been extensive research carried out to determine which are the best cleaners on the market. However, what is perfect for one household may not be suitable for another. Here, we consider three factors that could shape your decision in sourcing a new vacuum.

Lifestyle and living conditions

The specific lifestyle of your household will have a huge bearing on your search for a new vacuum, with different cleaners being more appropriate to different ways of life. Below are some of the factors you should consider when determining which is right for you.

The presence of any pets living in your home will have a huge bearing on the type of vacuum cleaners that you should be considering. Every pet owner will know that in no time at all after welcoming a furry friend into your home, floors, carpets, and upholstery will be engulfed in fur and dirt. To combat this, vacuum manufacturers have designed pet-friendly machines, equipped with special attachments and clever technology in the floor heads to clean up after your animal companions.

Another key consideration is whether you or any members of your household suffer from any allergies. Allergens, such as dust mites, can live all around your house, and some vacuums aren’t adept at removing these germs and keeping them out of your home. As a result, it is important to mitigate the risk by choosing an allergy-friendly vacuum. The key properties of this specific type of vac include strong suction to pick up any harmful substances, and a good filtration system, ideally a HETA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter.

Budget

It is a common factor to consider when investing in any piece of modern technology, and deciding how much you’re willing to spend will certainly help narrow down your search for a vacuum cleaner.

Typically, cordless vacuums will come with a greater price tag, but this doesn’t necessarily mean that it will be the best option on the market for you. Even if you have a sizeable budget, don’t necessarily opt for the most expensive model, as this may not be suitable for your home or lifestyle.  

When considering your budget, you shouldn’t just think about the initial outlay for your new vac, as there can be ongoing costs to take into account too. For example, bagged vacuums tend to require less maintenance, but you will need to keep buying replacement bags. Whilst these don’t cost a fortune, this cost can add up over the lifespan of your cleaner. If you are more concerned about convenience than price, then consider a bagged vacuum. Bagless cleaners can be cheaper in the long run but are far messier to empty and more difficult to maintain.

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Environmental impact

Whilst the average vacuum cleaner will be far from the most energy-consuming appliance in your house, it can actually have many different harmful effects on the environment in your home and the wider world.

As we mentioned before, some cleaners are more adept at removing harmful pollutants or allergens from your home than others, which could be a consideration in the buying process. In more broad terms, cordless vacuums that use lithium batteries can be very detrimental to the environment, particularly during the lithium extraction process, which uses vast amounts of water.

Another option to weigh up when considering environmental impacts is whether to opt for a bagless or bagged vacuum. Typically, bagless cleaners will be far better for the environment as they produce less waste, with the parts able to be reused again and again. Meanwhile, bagged vacuums need regular replacement, and since they will not be recyclable once filled with dust and dirt, they can add to landfills, further harming our environment. 

How To Prepare To Buy Your Dream House

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Everyone fantasizes about their dream home. This house is the place you want to be your forever home, so you need it to meet your individual needs. You have to spend time preparing for your dream home, and chances are you'll have to build it yourself because it will need to be customized. If you're planning on building your dream home, use these three tips to prepare for the process.

Improve Your Credit Score

You need a decent credit score to make a major purchase. Because you'll most likely need to secure a construction loan before you build, it's a good idea to spend a few years improving your credit score so you can qualify for a great interest rate on the loan. Start by checking your free credit score so you know if you need to improve it.

It takes some time time to raise your credit score, so if you aren't happy with it, you need to start implementing measures to raise it now. Try to improve your debt to credit limit ratio by paying down credit cards. You may need to change your spending habits to get out of debt.

Know What You Want

While you may have a basic idea of what your dream home looks like, you may not know certain details. You can easily change your mind on some details. It's easy to change paint colors or fixtures depending upon your personal taste, but if you want to make bigger changes to the blueprint of your home, you need to make the decision before you start building.

It can help to make a list of features you want your new home to have. Make sure you know how many bedrooms you need and what you want to layout of your home to look like. You can make a separate list of smaller features that can be changed easily.

Set a Budget

Your budget is arguably the most important part of building a house. It determines how much house you can afford to build, so you want it to be sizeable. If you don't set a budget, you may find that you overextend yourself and can't afford your new house note each month. Because you never want to choose between paying for your house or feeding your family, it's important to make sure your budget is reasonable.

Before setting a budget, you should track your expenses for a few months. Know exactly how much money you need to cover your bills each month. You should also make sure to give yourself a little spending money each month so that you can afford small purchases. Once you have a good understanding of how much money you bring in each month and how much goes out. This shows you how much frivolous spending you do each month so you can see where to cut corners.

This is a great way to save money for a down payment. It also allows you to set a monthly budget for a house note so you won't accidentally overextend yourself and be unable to afford your new house. Give yourself enough room to pay for the features you want without forcing you to give up your lifestyle.

Building your dream home is an extensive project, but it can be fun and exciting. You have to put a lot of time into planning for your new house. The best way to prepare to build your dream home is to start thinking about the future now, and if you use these three tips, you can make the process go more smoothly. Start thinking about these things to prepare for the process of building your dream home.